Title

Mining and Settlement: The Mongolor Company and the Urga Gold Mine (1900-1920)

Author

Wang Shih-ming

Genre

Article

Pages

125-169

DOI

10.6503/THJCS.202303_53(1).0004

Download

PDF

Language

Chinese

Key words

Khalkha, Urga, Mongolor Company, V. Iu. Grott

Abstract

At the end of the 19th century, the Qing Dynasty suffered successive military and diplomatic setbacks, which forced provincial officials to implement new policies. In the borderlands of Northeast China, Xinjiang, and Mongolia, Sino-foreign joint mining operations were set up. The Mongolor Company, operated by the Russian V. Iu. Grott (1863-?), obtained permission from the Qing court to mine the Urga gold mine in 1900. The Mongolor Company was Russia’s first large-scale industrial enterprise in Khalkha. Until it was sold in 1920, it created a lot of wealth for the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia, and Russia. This article studies the operation of the Mongolor Company, focusing on the development, population, and industrial changes that took place in the Selenga River Basin – the middle and upper reaches of the Orkhon River, the Khalkh River, and the Ider River.